carbohydrate derivative biosynthetic process
|
biological_process
|
"The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrate derivative." [GOC:TermGenie]
|
2.58e-07
|
Golgi apparatus
|
cellular_component
|
"A compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack. The Golgi apparatus differs from the endoplasmic reticulum in often having slightly thicker membranes, appearing in sections as a characteristic shallow semicircle so that the convex side (cis or entry face) abuts the endoplasmic reticulum, secretory vesicles emerging from the concave side (trans or exit face). In vertebrate cells there is usually one such organelle, while in invertebrates and plants, where they are known usually as dictyosomes, there may be several scattered in the cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus processes proteins produced on the ribosomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum; such processing includes modification of the core oligosaccharides of glycoproteins, and the sorting and packaging of proteins for transport to a variety of cellular locations. Three different regions of the Golgi are now recognized both in terms of structure and function: cis, in the vicinity of the cis face, trans, in the vicinity of the trans face, and medial, lying between the cis and trans regions." [ISBN:0198506732]
|
3.13e-07
|
proton transport
|
biological_process
|
"The directed movement of protons (hydrogen ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:jl]
|
1.49e-05
|
membrane
|
cellular_component
|
"A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it." [GOC:dos, GOC:mah, ISBN:0815316194]
|
2.29e-04
|
vacuolar membrane
|
cellular_component
|
"The lipid bilayer surrounding the vacuole and separating its contents from the cytoplasm of the cell." [GOC:ai]
|
2.35e-04
|
nucleoside phosphate metabolic process
|
biological_process
|
"The chemical reactions and pathways involving any phosphorylated nucleoside." [GOC:mah]
|
2.35e-04
|
nucleotide metabolic process
|
biological_process
|
"The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleotide, a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates)." [GOC:ma]
|
2.35e-04
|
nucleotide biosynthetic process
|
biological_process
|
"The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleotides, any nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic-nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates)." [GOC:go_curators]
|
2.35e-04
|
phosphorus metabolic process
|
biological_process
|
"The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nonmetallic element phosphorus or compounds that contain phosphorus, usually in the form of a phosphate group (PO4)." [GOC:ai]
|
2.63e-04
|
chloroplast
|
cellular_component
|
"A chlorophyll-containing plastid with thylakoids organized into grana and frets, or stroma thylakoids, and embedded in a stroma." [ISBN:0471245208]
|
2.63e-04
|
ATP hydrolysis coupled proton transport
|
biological_process
|
"The transport of protons against an electrochemical gradient, using energy from ATP hydrolysis." [GOC:mah, GOC:vw]
|
3.07e-04
|
hydrogen ion transmembrane transport
|
biological_process
|
"The directed movement of hydrogen ion (proton) across a membrane." [GO_REF:0000069, GOC:pr, GOC:TermGenie]
|
4.41e-04
|
phosphate-containing compound metabolic process
|
biological_process
|
"The chemical reactions and pathways involving the phosphate group, the anion or salt of any phosphoric acid." [GOC:ai]
|
1.06e-03
|
cytosol
|
cellular_component
|
"The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes." [GOC:hgd, GOC:jl]
|
1.15e-03
|
protein glycosylation
|
biological_process
|
"A protein modification process that results in the addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid, e.g. the addition of glycan chains to proteins." [GOC:curators, GOC:pr]
|
1.28e-03
|
cation transport
|
biological_process
|
"The directed movement of cations, atoms or small molecules with a net positive charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:ai]
|
1.72e-03
|
purine ribonucleotide metabolic process
|
biological_process
|
"The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]
|
1.72e-03
|
purine ribonucleotide biosynthetic process
|
biological_process
|
"The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]
|
1.72e-03
|
NAD binding
|
molecular_function
|
"Interacting selectively and non-covalently with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions; binding may be to either the oxidized form, NAD+, or the reduced form, NADH." [GOC:ai]
|
1.72e-03
|
vacuole
|
cellular_component
|
"A closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material. Cells contain one or several vacuoles, that may have different functions from each other. Vacuoles have a diverse array of functions. They can act as a storage organelle for nutrients or waste products, as a degradative compartment, as a cost-effective way of increasing cell size, and as a homeostatic regulator controlling both turgor pressure and pH of the cytosol." [GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0198506732]
|
1.75e-03
|
purine nucleotide metabolic process
|
biological_process
|
"The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]
|
1.75e-03
|
purine nucleotide biosynthetic process
|
biological_process
|
"The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]
|
1.75e-03
|
ribonucleotide metabolic process
|
biological_process
|
"The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]
|
1.75e-03
|
ion transmembrane transport
|
biological_process
|
"A process in which an ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:mah]
|
1.75e-03
|
isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathway
|
biological_process
|
"The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate by the mevalonate-independent pathway. Isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) is the fundamental unit in isoprenoid biosynthesis and is biosynthesized from pyruvate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate via intermediates, including 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate." [GOC:go_curators, MetaCyc:NONMEVIPP-PWY, PMID:18948055]
|
2.07e-03
|
ion transport
|
biological_process
|
"The directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:ai]
|
2.12e-03
|
endoplasmic reticulum
|
cellular_component
|
"The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached)." [ISBN:0198506732]
|
2.15e-03
|
cation transmembrane transport
|
biological_process
|
"A process in which a cation is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:dos, GOC:vw]
|
2.15e-03
|
nucleoside metabolic process
|
biological_process
|
"The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleoside, a nucleobase linked to either beta-D-ribofuranose (a ribonucleoside) or 2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose, (a deoxyribonucleoside), e.g. adenosine, guanosine, inosine, cytidine, uridine and deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine, deoxycytidine and thymidine (= deoxythymidine)." [GOC:ma]
|
2.42e-03
|
chlorophyll biosynthetic process
|
biological_process
|
"The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chlorophyll, any compound of magnesium complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring and which functions as a photosynthetic pigment, from less complex precursors." [GOC:jl]
|
2.42e-03
|
biosynthetic process
|
biological_process
|
"The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances; typically the energy-requiring part of metabolism in which simpler substances are transformed into more complex ones." [GOC:curators, ISBN:0198547684]
|
2.63e-03
|
trans-Golgi network
|
cellular_component
|
"The network of interconnected tubular and cisternal structures located within the Golgi apparatus on the side distal to the endoplasmic reticulum, from which secretory vesicles emerge. The trans-Golgi network is important in the later stages of protein secretion where it is thought to play a key role in the sorting and targeting of secreted proteins to the correct destination." [GOC:vw, ISBN:0815316194]
|
3.21e-03
|
lipid metabolic process
|
biological_process
|
"The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids; neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps; long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes; sphingoids and other long-chain bases; glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids; and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids." [GOC:ma]
|
3.78e-03
|
carboxylic acid metabolic process
|
biological_process
|
"The chemical reactions and pathways involving carboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-)." [ISBN:0198506732]
|
3.95e-03
|
thylakoid membrane organization
|
biological_process
|
"A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the thylakoid membrane." [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mah, GOC:tb]
|
4.03e-03
|
cellular biosynthetic process
|
biological_process
|
"The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells." [GOC:jl]
|
4.03e-03
|
endosome
|
cellular_component
|
"A membrane-bounded organelle to which materials ingested by endocytosis are delivered." [ISBN:0198506732, PMID:19696797]
|
4.33e-03
|
chloroplast envelope
|
cellular_component
|
"The double lipid bilayer enclosing the chloroplast and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space." [GOC:tb]
|
4.38e-03
|
ATP metabolic process
|
biological_process
|
"The chemical reactions and pathways involving ATP, adenosine triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator." [GOC:go_curators]
|
4.98e-03
|
lipid biosynthetic process
|
biological_process
|
"The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent." [GOC:go_curators]
|
5.79e-03
|
response to abiotic stimulus
|
biological_process
|
"Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abiotic (non-living) stimulus." [GOC:hb]
|
6.08e-03
|
ATP biosynthetic process
|
biological_process
|
"The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]
|
6.99e-03
|
carbohydrate metabolic process
|
biological_process
|
"The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. Includes the formation of carbohydrate derivatives by the addition of a carbohydrate residue to another molecule." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]
|
7.72e-03
|
nucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
|
biological_process
|
"The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]
|
8.51e-03
|
acetyl-CoA metabolic process
|
biological_process
|
"The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetyl-CoA, a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated; it is a metabolite derived from several pathways (e.g. glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, amino-acid catabolism) and is further metabolized by the tricarboxylic acid cycle. It is a key intermediate in lipid and terpenoid biosynthesis." [ISBN:0198547684]
|
1.03e-02
|
acyl-CoA metabolic process
|
biological_process
|
"The chemical reactions and pathways involving acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with an acyl group." [ISBN:0198506732]
|
1.06e-02
|
nucleotide-sugar biosynthetic process
|
biological_process
|
"The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleotide-sugars, any nucleotide in which the distal phosphoric residue of a nucleoside 5'-diphosphate is in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative." [ISBN:0198506732]
|
1.09e-02
|
fatty acid biosynthetic process
|
biological_process
|
"The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a fatty acid, any of the aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that can be liberated by hydrolysis from naturally occurring fats and oils. Fatty acids are predominantly straight-chain acids of 4 to 24 carbon atoms, which may be saturated or unsaturated; branched fatty acids and hydroxy fatty acids also occur, and very long chain acids of over 30 carbons are found in waxes." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]
|
1.26e-02
|
purine ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process
|
biological_process
|
"The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]
|
1.26e-02
|
small molecule biosynthetic process
|
biological_process
|
"The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule." [GOC:curators, GOC:pde, GOC:vw]
|
1.26e-02
|
cofactor biosynthetic process
|
biological_process
|
"The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a cofactor, a substance that is required for the activity of an enzyme or other protein." [GOC:ai]
|
1.36e-02
|
transmembrane transport
|
biological_process
|
"The process in which a solute is transported from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC:dph, GOC:jid]
|
1.36e-02
|
oxidation-reduction process
|
biological_process
|
"A metabolic process that results in the removal or addition of one or more electrons to or from a substance, with or without the concomitant removal or addition of a proton or protons." [GOC:dhl, GOC:ecd, GOC:jh2, GOC:jid, GOC:mlg, GOC:rph]
|
1.57e-02
|
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor
|
molecular_function
|
"Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-OH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD+ or NADP." [EC:1.1.1.-, GOC:ai]
|
1.58e-02
|
nucleotide-sugar metabolic process
|
biological_process
|
"The cellular chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleotide-sugars, any nucleotide in which the distal phosphoric residue of a nucleoside 5'-diphosphate is in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative." [ISBN:0198506732]
|
1.73e-02
|
ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process
|
biological_process
|
"The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]
|
1.76e-02
|
glycerophospholipid biosynthetic process
|
biological_process
|
"The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerophospholipids, any derivative of glycerophosphate that contains at least one O-acyl, O-alkyl, or O-alkenyl group attached to the glycerol residue." [ISBN:0198506732]
|
1.85e-02
|
porphyrin-containing compound biosynthetic process
|
biological_process
|
"The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any member of a large group of derivatives or analogs of porphyrin. Porphyrin consists of a ring of four pyrrole nuclei linked each to the next at their alpha positions through a methine group." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]
|
2.07e-02
|
carotenoid biosynthetic process
|
biological_process
|
"The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carotenoids, tetraterpenoid compounds in which two units of 4 isoprenoid residues joined head-to-tail are themselves joined tail-to-tail." [GOC:go_curators]
|
2.19e-02
|
tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process
|
biological_process
|
"The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of tetrapyrroles, natural pigments containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next." [CHEBI:26932, GOC:mah]
|
2.19e-02
|
acid phosphatase activity
|
molecular_function
|
"Catalysis of the reaction: an orthophosphoric monoester + H2O = an alcohol + phosphate, with an acid pH optimum." [EC:3.1.3.2]
|
2.25e-02
|
S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase activity
|
molecular_function
|
"Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to a substrate." [GOC:mah]
|
2.25e-02
|
transport
|
biological_process
|
"The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mah]
|
2.32e-02
|
fatty acid metabolic process
|
biological_process
|
"The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids, aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis." [ISBN:0198547684]
|
2.36e-02
|
photosystem II assembly
|
biological_process
|
"The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a photosystem II complex on the thylakoid membrane. The photosystem II complex consists of at least 20 polypeptides and around 80 cofactors in most organisms." [GOC:aa, GOC:pz]
|
2.53e-02
|
chlorophyll metabolic process
|
biological_process
|
"The chemical reactions and pathways involving chlorophyll, any compound of magnesium complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring and which functions as a photosynthetic pigment." [GOC:jl]
|
2.56e-02
|
localization
|
biological_process
|
"Any process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported to or maintained in a specific location." [GOC:ai]
|
2.78e-02
|
protein N-linked glycosylation
|
biological_process
|
"A protein glycosylation process in which a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit is added to a protein via the N4 atom of peptidyl-asparagine, the omega-N of arginine, or the N1' atom peptidyl-tryptophan." [GOC:pr, RESID:AA0151, RESID:AA0156, RESID:AA0327]
|
2.81e-02
|
embryo development
|
biological_process
|
"The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo from its formation until the end of its embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic stage is organism-specific. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant." [GOC:go_curators, GOC:isa_complete, GOC:mtg_sensu]
|
3.02e-02
|
Golgi membrane
|
cellular_component
|
"The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the Golgi apparatus." [GOC:mah]
|
3.12e-02
|
porphyrin-containing compound metabolic process
|
biological_process
|
"The chemical reactions and pathways involving any member of a large group of derivatives or analogs of porphyrin. Porphyrins consists of a ring of four pyrrole nuclei linked each to the next at their alpha positions through a methine group." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]
|
3.12e-02
|
glycerolipid biosynthetic process
|
biological_process
|
"The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerolipids, any lipid with a glycerol backbone." [GOC:ai]
|
3.12e-02
|
chloroplast stroma
|
cellular_component
|
"The space enclosed by the double membrane of a chloroplast but excluding the thylakoid space. It contains DNA, ribosomes and some temporary products of photosynthesis." [ISBN:0198547684]
|
3.54e-02
|
starch biosynthetic process
|
biological_process
|
"The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of starch, the most important reserve polysaccharide in plants." [GOC:ai]
|
3.68e-02
|
glycerophospholipid metabolic process
|
biological_process
|
"The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerophospholipids, any derivative of glycerophosphate that contains at least one O-acyl, O-alkyl, or O-alkenyl group attached to the glycerol residue." [ISBN:0198506732]
|
4.23e-02
|
plasmodesma
|
cellular_component
|
"A fine cytoplasmic channel, found in all higher plants, that connects the cytoplasm of one cell to that of an adjacent cell." [ISBN:0198506732]
|
4.39e-02
|
phospholipid biosynthetic process
|
biological_process
|
"The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phospholipids, any lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester." [ISBN:0198506732]
|
4.71e-02
|
ncRNA metabolic process
|
biological_process
|
"The chemical reactions and pathways involving non-coding RNA transcripts (ncRNAs)." [GOC:mah]
|
4.71e-02
|