The Central Dogma explained

Genetic information can be copied in two different ways: duplication and transcription. Duplication is the proces used to copy the total amount of DNA for cell duplication. The transcription process is used to use the genetic information of the DNA for protein synthesis. DNA is then transcriped into an mRNA molecule, which is then translated during protein synhesis. This proces is called the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology.

Transcription

The genetic information of an organism is embodied in it's DNA. The process of using this DNA as a template for the synthesis of a RNA molecule is called transcription. The RNA molecule is synthesised from only one strand of the double stranded DNA helix . This process of synthesising RNA is catalysed by an enzyme called RNA polymerase. The transcribed RNA is quite similar to the template DNA, but there are some differences. RNA has the sugar ribose instead of deoxyribose, and has uracil instead of thymine. Uracil forms hydrogen bonds with adenine just as thymine does Further, RNA is usually single stranded, not a double helix like DNA. The mRNA molecules are transferred out of the nucleus by transfer proteins. Their they move to the ribosomes. In eukaryotes most of the mRNA molecules are spliced before they move to the ribosomes.

Translation

The protein synthesis is done in organelles called ribosomes. This is done with the mRNA sequence used as a template. The genetic code is used to turn the mRNA template into the correct protein. The ribosome recognises the initiation point of the mRNA molecule. Then, the mRNA binds to a tRNA bearing a single amino acid. The ribosome shifts to the next position on the mRNA, where it aids the second amino acid. When the ribosome reaches a stopcodon, the chain of amino acids loses it's binding with the ribosome, and folds in it's three dimensional shape.